A shared ‘Persian hat’ appearss in both European Jewish and Asian Muslim visual art

Evidence

In some cases the depiction of the “Jewish hats,” though modeled on what European Jews wore, may at the same time represent a link to the East. The “Persian hat” shown on Manuel II was typical Jewish headwear, and appears in the Encyclopaedia Judaica with the caption, “France, 13th cent.” Yet it appears as well in Muslim miniatures from Iran and India. Perhaps it is indeed of Persian origin, and somehow found its way to Europe, possibly carried by Jews who came from the Byzantine Empire. — Ivan Davidson Kalmar, Derek Penslar, Orientalism and the Jews, 165