1990s writers framed Islam as a triple political, civilizational, demographic threat

Evidence

The 1990s provided the backdrop for the dramatic increase in Islamophobia after 9/11, as reflected in the writings of Bernard Lewis and Samuel Huntington and his clash of civilizations theory. Magazines, newspaper articles, and editorials warned of Islam’s war with the West and its incompatibility with democracy. Islam increasingly came to be seen as a triple threat, political, civilizational, and demographic, feeding a notion of an impending clash between Islam and the West. — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 33