1989 marked the first time Muslims threatened the West from within and without

Evidence

What was unique about this unfolding crisis however was that at no time previously in history had Muslims been seen to be challenging or threatening the West simultaneously from both inside and outside its real or perceived borders. 1989 was the year this dramatically changed. — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 234

Categorization

• XREF: This inside/outside simultaneity underwrites the distinctiveness claim in the Runnymede concept, distinguishably from Halliday’s narrower anti-Muslimism framing. — connects to: Communism’s collapse left West and Islam as mutual perceived threats — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 246; The Cold War’s end left Islam and the West mutually perceived threats — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 246; Proximity converted a remote global Muslim threat into a domestic one (+3 more)

Related

• The Cold War’s end left Islam and the West mutually perceived threats (similarity 0.86)
• Communism’s collapse left West and Islam as mutual perceived threats (similarity 0.85)
• Domesticating the Muslim threat made it feel closer and more dangerous (similarity 0.82)
• Islam replaced communism as the West’s designated global enemy threat (similarity 0.82)
• Islamic challenge forged the collective identity of ‘the West’ (similarity 0.81)
• The Cold War’s end positioned Islam as communism’s replacement global threat (similarity 0.80)
• Western hostility to Islam shifted from theological to political rationales across the centuries (similarity 0.80)
• Proximity converted a remote global Muslim threat into a domestic one (similarity 0.80)
• The Muslim terrorist replaced the Soviet communist as the West’s public enemy number one (similarity 0.80)
• The Islamic-terror enemy replaced the Soviet Union as an archnemesis. (similarity 0.79)
• Global events normalized Islamophobic discourse and made Muslims the ultimate Other (similarity 0.79)
• Islamophobia is rooted in centuries of religion-politics-warfare conflict (similarity 0.79)
• Islam symbolized lasting trauma and danger, so its representation tamed it for Europe (similarity 0.79)
• Muslim self-identification and British misperception drove border conflicts (similarity 0.79)
• The Rushdie Affair was the first major Muslim-non-Muslim conflict in Europe (similarity 0.78)

Broader Connections

• Soviet defeat in 1989 legitimized and globalized the Islamist militant movement #expands (0.95) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 257
• Proximity converted a remote global Muslim threat into a domestic one #expands (0.85)
• The Cold War’s end left Islam and the West mutually perceived threats #expands (0.82) — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 246
• Domesticating the Muslim threat made it feel closer and more dangerous #expands (0.80) — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 236
• The Rushdie Affair was the first major Muslim-non-Muslim conflict in Europe #exemplifies (0.75) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 343